BSNL junior engineer syallbus 2016

                                                           
                     BSNL Recruitment 2016

Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited, BSNL is india's telecommunication service provider under govt of india. It is having 27 circles in total india.

BSNL releases the notification regarding to junior engineer in telecommunication sector. There are huge vacancies are there in this notification. 2700 vacancies are there, Full details about this notification please clickhere.

BSNL will conduct online filling process for this post. Online Examination also.

Date Online Application Opens :10-7-2016

Last Date Online Application     :10-08-2016

Date of Examination                     :25-09-2016

Both Telangana and Andhra pradesh circle Vacancies as follows:

1. OC   : 38
2. OBC :29
3. SC    :12
4. T      : 5

Scale of Pay: 13000-25000

Educational Qualification: 

1. Diploma/BE/BTech in Electronics, Telecommunication, information technology.
2. BSc in Electronics.

For syallabus regarding to BSNL junior engineer clickhere

BSNL JTO RECRUITMENT 2016

             Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited,BSNL Recruitment

Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited is an Indian state-owned telecommunications company headquartered in New Delhi under government.Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited will conduct examination for recruiting telecom, accounts officials.

Will soon release notification for Junior Telecom Officer JTO for various dis planes

Company Details:

Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL) will conduct a written examination for General ,SC,ST  and other backward classes(OBC) candidates for filling up posts of JTO(junior telecom officer) for telecom , JTO(junior telecom officer) for civil, JTO(junior telecom officer) for electrical.

NAME of Public Sector Unit : Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited. (BSNL).

Website :

JOB details:

1.                                           JTO-Telecom

2.                                            JTO-Civil

3.                                             JTO-Electrical

Salary : 16400-40,500/-

Number vacancies will be intimated soon

Eligibility:

             JTO-Telecom

                    .telecommunication Engineering

                    Electronics Engineering

                    Radio Engineeing

                    msc electronics

             JTO- Electrical

1.       Electrical engineering 

 JTO- Civil

1.       Civil engineering

PERCENTAGE  above 60%

Age:

General : 30

OBC: 33

SC/ST: 35

HOW TO APPLY : VISIT

Application fee:

1.       UR candidates : 1000/-

2.       OBC : 1000/-

3.       SC/ST : 500/-

Important Dates :

Starting Date of ONLINE registration : sept ,2016

Closing : oct, 2016

Date of online Examination : dec, 2016

Basis on the written candidate will be selected for the JTO

for full syllabus  will be updated soon follow us on facebook 

ISRO EXAM SYLLABUS AND PREPARATION

ISRO PREPARATION FOR ECE GRADUATES

Clickhere full syallbi for ece graduates

THE TEST

Eligibility : BE/B.Tech or equivalent in First Class with an aggregate minimum of 65% (average of all semesters for which results are available). Final year B.Tech students can also apply. The "ELECTRONICS" test paper can be given by students who have done Electronics and communication, Applied Electronics &Instrumentation and Electrical Engineering. The Test consists of 80 questions (3 marks each) and there is negative marking (1 mark). The test duration is two hours.

Look for the advertisement and you need to apply online. The written test will be conducted at ten venues viz., Ahmedabad, Bengaluru, Bhopal, Chennai, Guwahati, Hyderabad, Kolkata, Mumbai, New Delhi and Thiruvananthapuram.

Those who are already employed under Central/State Govt/PSU/ Autonomous Bodies should produce ‘No objection certificate’ from the employer.

1.  Previous year question papers are available in ISRO site

Going through each question paper will clearly give you an idea about pattern of exam. (take print out of all these papers, it always better than referring softcopy in PC). Questions are very direct compared to gate (be sure that no twisted or highly conceptual questions will be asked). I feel that there is also less time pressure during exam. But for each topic, syllabus is more advanced than gate and weightage of various topics are completely different.

Try to solve each question paper in stipulated time (atleast past 3 years), during the preparation time. If you are already preparing for gate, start ISRO test preparation directly by solving previous year. Note that you cannot use calculator. So don’t expect numerically difficult problems. Also more theory is asked compared to gate.

2. Previous year question paper(till 2013) with solution is available “BSNL DRDO ISRO: Electronic and Communication Engineering Previous Year Solved Papers 2nd Edition” published by Made Easy

This will save lot of time rather than you searching in different books for answers. If you are having touch with all topics, this book may not be that useful as questions are mostly direct only and solvable with the help of standard books. Doing yourself helps you understand better and is a good revision. So I recommend you to not buy this book if you are preparing for gate.

3.  Syllabus different from gate

Officially in ISRO site, syllabus is not given but following are some general trends

More emphasis to communication, Electromagnetic & microwave theory, and digital electronics

(1) Electron Devices and ICs:     

Energy bands in silicon, intrinsic and extrinsic silicon. Carrier transport in silicon: diffusion current, drift current, mobility, and resistivity. Generation and recombination of carriers. p-n junction diode, Zener diode, tunnel diode, BJT, JFET, MOS capacitor, MOSFET,LED, p-I-n and avalanche photo diode,integrated circuits fabrication process, oxidation, diffusion, ion implantation, photolithography, n-tub, p-tub and twin-tub CMOS process.

Straight forward problems are only asked, which can be solved with basic concepts in diode, BJT, JFET and MOSFET(less important). Expect theory questions also from other topics.

(2) Signals and Systems:

Classification of signals and systems; System modeling in terms of differential and difference equations; Fourier series; Fourier transforms and their application to system analysis; Laplace transforms and their application to system analysis; Convolution and superposition integrals and their applications; Z-transforms and their applications to the analysis and characterization of discrete time systems; Random signals and probability; Correlation functions; Spectral density; Response of linear system to random inputs.

Mostly direct but expect slightly indirect also

(3) Network Theory:

Network analysis techniques; Network theorems, transient response, steady state sinusoidal response; Network graphs and their applications in network analysis; Tellegen's theorem. Two port networks; Z, Y, h and transmission parameters. Combination of two ports, analysis of common two ports.

Only direct problems on networks with Inductor, Capacitor and resistors

(4) Electromagnetic Theory:

Analysis of electrostatic and magneto-static fields; Laplace's and Poisson's equations; Boundary value problems and their solutions; Maxwell's equations; application to wave propagation in bounded and unbounded media; Transmission lines: basic theory, standing waves, matching applications, Elements of antenna theory and microwave basics.

Expect majority questions from this topic. Study this topic really well, as many theory questions and problems are asked from this. Many questions from microwave is asked which is out of syllabus for gate. Study satellite communication link design and antenna theory also. Questions from topics which we don’t usually find important for GATE can come.

(5) Analog Electronic Circuits:

Transistor biasing and stabilization. Small signal analysis. Power amplifiers. Frequency. response. Wide banding techniques. Feedback amplifiers. Tuned amplifiers. Oscillators, Rectifiers and power supplies. Op Amp, 555 timer, PLL, other applications. Pulse shaping circuits and waveform generators.

Mainly circuits with BJT and OPAMPS only asked. Also learn Rectifiers with zener diode

(6) Digital Electronic Circuits:

Boolean algebra, simplification of Boolean function Karnaugh map and applications; IC Logic gates and their characteristics; IC logic families: DTL, TTL, ECL, NMOS, PMOS and CMOS gates and their comparison; Combinational logic circuits; Half adder, Full adder; Digital comparator; Multiplexer De-multiplexer; ROM and their applications. Flip-flops. R-S, J-K, D and T flip-tops; Different types of counters and registers. Waveform generators. A/D and D/A converters.

Lot of very straight forward questions asked. So brush up everything and study A/D converters which is not that important for gate.

(7) Control Systems:

Transient and steady state response of control systems; Effect of feedback on stability and sensitivity; Root locus techniques; Frequency response analysis. Concepts of gain and phase margins; Constant-M and Constant-N Nichol's Chart; Approximation of transient response from Constant-N Nichol's Chart; Approximation of transient response from closed loop frequency response; Design of Control Systems; Compensators; Industrial controllers.

Very few questions are asked, that too straight forward negative feedback question, system response etc. and related to concepts in root locus and other graphical methods.

                              

(8) Communication Systems:

Random signals and noise: probability, random variables, probability density function, autocorrelation, power spectral density. Analog communication systems: amplitude and angle modulation and demodulation systems, spectral analysis of these operations, superheterodyne receivers; signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) calculations for amplitude modulation (AM) and frequency modulation (FM) for low noise conditions. Digital communication systems: pulse code modulation (PCM), differential pulse code modulation (DPCM), digital modulation schemes: amplitude, phase and frequency shift keying schemes (ASK, PSK, FSK), matched filter receivers, bandwidth consideration and probability of error calculations for these schemes. Basics of TDMA, FDMA, CDMA and GSM. Coding theory

Compared to gate syllabus, this is having lot of advanced topics. Study each and every heading in this. Anything can be asked (mostly direct but expect little tricky questions here). Even questions from coding theory have been asked even though not in GATE syllabus.

(9) Computer Engineering:

Number Systems. Data representation; Programming; Elements of a high level programming language PASCAL/C; Use of basic data structures; Fundamentals of computer architecture; Processor design; Control unit design; Memory organization, I/o System Organization. Microprocessors: Architecture and instruction set of Microprocessor's 8085 and 8086, Assembly language Programming. Microprocessor Based system design: typical examples. Personal computers and their typical uses.

This topic you will find difficult to study, as it is not for GATE and from previous year paper it is not easy for pin pointing even the correct syllabus. Many topics electronics students are not studying(mostly computer science people only knows the answers so get their help in finding answers in the previous year papers). Better don’t waste too much time in this. Study only basic concepts in computer networks, computer organization and microprocessor (study if you have done it as part of university syllabus and leave the more advanced topics in this and devote more time on to gate syllabus part)

4. Some general tips

1.    Calculator not allowed, so that means numerically easier problems and lot of theory questions. Compared to gate, questions are more direct but syllabus is vast and expect some unexpected questions..;)

2.    Majority of questions from electromagnetic theory, digital systems and communication systems. This is a standard trend in previous year. The weightage to other topics change drastically from one year to other (unlike in gate where there is a more consistent trend in mark distribution among the topics)

3.    Don’t waste time in the studying new things in computer engineering part.

4.    Always few questions from Maths is also asked. But syllabus is again very vast compared to number of questions you get, but again every year few easy questions are asked. Brush up the things which you know well. Syllabus appears to be same as that of 

StateBankofIndiaProbationaryOfficer2016

govtjobss2016.blogspot.in

Join the Leader. Be a Leader.

GROW EVERY DAY

Inviting Probationary Officers

State Bank of India, the premier bank of the country with more than 17000 domestic 

branches and 190 foreign offices spread over 36 countries, invites applications from dynamic graduates for the post of Probationary Officers.

VACANCIES: 2200

ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA

      AGE: Minimum 21 years, maximum 30 years as on 01.04.2016 (age relaxation  as per government rules)

      EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS: Graduation as on 31.08.2016, students of the final years are also apply. Candidates possessing CA are also eligible.

OPPORTUNITIES

A Probationary Officer in the Bank gets exposed to challenging assignments and also gets the opportunities to be involved in nation building developing activities. The opportuinities include working in personal Banking, Rural Banking, Credit, Forex,  Treasury etc.

CAREER PROGRESSION

Excellent career progression opportunities are available for reaching the top management positions in the Bank through various assignments in different business varticles like National Banking, International Banking, Corporate Accounts Group, Mid- corporate Accounts Group and also subsidiaries of Bank.

COMPENSATION PACKAGE

Presently starting basic pay is 27,620/- (with 4 advanced increments),,,,,,But the total compensation including all is 7.55 lacs per annum.

To Apply:

For details of online registration and other details, please refer advertisement no. CRPD/PO/2016-17/02 avaliable on the Banks website www.sbi.co.in/careers

For syallabus please visitwww.sbi.co.in/careers

Online Registration:   04.05.2016 to 24.05.2016 Online Fee payments: 04.05.2016 to 24.05.2016 Tentative dates of Prelim examination: Various dates in July 2016

IndianSpaceResearchOrganisation

   
           IndianSpaceResearchOrganisation

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO, /ˈɪsroʊ/; Hindi: भारतीय अंतरिक्ष अनुसंधान संगठन; ; IAST: Bhāratiya Antarikṣa Anusaṃdhān Sangaṭhan; इसरो), is the space agency of the Indian government headquartered in the city of Bengaluru. Its vision is to "harness space technology for national development, while pursuing space science research and planetary exploration".^[1]

Formed in 1969, ISRO superseded the erstwhile Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR), which was established in 1962 by the efforts of independent India's first Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, and his close aide and scientist Vikram Sarabhai. The establishment of ISRO thus institutionalised space activities in India.^[2] It is managed by the Department of Space, which reports to the Prime Minister of India.

ISRO built India's first satellite, Aryabhata, which was launched by the Soviet Union on 19 April in 1975. In 1980, Rohinibecame the first satellite to be placed in orbit by an Indian-made launch vehicle, SLV-3. ISRO subsequently developed two other rockets: the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) for launching satellites into polar orbits and theGeosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) for placing satellites into geostationary orbits. These rockets have launched numerous communications satellites and earth observation satellites. Satellite navigation systems likeGAGAN and IRNSS have been deployed. In January 2014, ISRO successfully used an indigenous cryogenic engine in a GSLV-D5 launch of the GSAT-14.^[3][4]

ISRO sent one lunar orbiter, Chandrayaan-1, on 22 October 2008 and one Mars orbiter, Mars Orbiter Mission, which successfully entered Mars orbit on 24 September 2014, making India the first nation to succeed on its first attempt, and ISRO the fourth space agency in the world as well as the first space agency in Asia to successfully reach Mars orbit.^[5]Future plans include development of GSLV Mk III (for launch of heavier satellites), development of a reusable launch vehicle, human spaceflight, further lunar exploration, interplanetary probes, a solar spacecraft mission, etc.^[6] ISRO has carried out 75 spacecraft missions, 46 launch missions. 51 foreign satellites have been launched by ISRO's launch vehicles,^[7] and 28 ISRO satellites have been launched by foreign launch vehicles. As of October 2015, ISRO has agreed to launch 23 foreign satellites of nine different nations including Algeria, Canada, Germany, Indonesia, Japan, Singapore and the US.

Communication Satellites:

The Indian National Satellite (INSAT) system is one of the largest domestic communication satellite systems in Asia-Pacific region with nine operational communication satellites placed in Geo-stationary orbit. Established in 1983 with commissioning of INSAT-1B, it initiated a major revolution in India’s communications sector and sustained the same later. Currently operational communication satellites are INSAT-3A, INSAT-3C, INSAT-3E, INSAT-4A, INSAT-4B, INSAT-4CR, GSAT-8, GSAT-10 and GSAT-12.
The system with a total of 195 transponders in the C, Extended C and Ku-bands provides services to telecommunications, television broadcasting, satellite news gathering, societal applications, weather forecasting, disaster warning and Search and Rescue operations.

List of Communication Satellites

	Launch Date	Launch Mass	Power	Launch Vehicle	Orbit Type	Application
GSAT-15	Nov 11, 2015	3164 kg	Solar array providing 6200 Watts and Three 100 AH Lithium-Ion batteries		GSO
GSAT-6	Aug 27, 2015	2117 kg	Generated power 3100 W
GSAT-16	Dec 07, 2014	3181.6 kg	Solar array providing 6000 Watts and two 180 AH Lithium lon batteries	Ariane-5 VA-221	GSO	Communication
GSAT-14	Jan 05, 2014	1982 kg	2600 W	GSLV-D5	GSO	Communication
GSAT-7	Aug 30, 2013	2650 kg	3,000 W	Ariane-5 VA-215	GSO	Communication
INSAT-3D	Jul 26, 2013	2060 Kg	1164 W	Ariane-5 VA-214	GSO	Communication, Disaster Management System, Earth Observation
GSAT-10	Sep 29, 2012	3400 kg	6474 Watts	Ariane-5 VA-209	GSO	Communication
GSAT-12	Jul 15, 2011	1410 kg	1430 Watts	PSLV-C17	GSO	Communication
जीसैट-12	Jul 15, 2011	1410 kg	1430 Watts	PSLV-C17	GSO	Communication
GSAT-8	May 21, 2011	3093 kg	6242 Watt	Ariane-5 VA-202	GSO	Communication
जीसैट-8	May 21, 2011	3093 kg	6242 Watt	Ariane-5 VA-202	GSO	Communication
GSAT-5P	Dec 25, 2010	2310 kg		GSLV-F06	GSO	Communication
जीसैट-5पी	Dec 25, 2010	2310 kg		GSLV-F06	GSO	Communication
जीसैट-4	Apr 15, 2010	2220 Kg		GSLV-D3	GSO	Communication
GSAT-4	Apr 15, 2010	2220 Kg		GSLV-D3	GSO	Communication
INSAT-4CR	Sep 02, 2007	2,130 kg	3000 W	GSLV-F04	GSO	Communication
इन्सैट-4सीआर	Sep 02, 2007	2,130 kg	3000 W	GSLV-F04	GSO	Communication
INSAT-4B	Mar 12, 2007	3025 Kg	5859 W	Ariane5	GSO	Communication
इन्सैट–4बी	Mar 12, 2007	3025 Kg	5859 W	Ariane5	GSO	Communication
इन्सैट-4ए	Dec 22, 2005	3081 Kg	5922 W	ARIANE5-V169	GSO	Communication
HAMSAT	May 05, 2005			PSLV-C6	GSO	Communication
हैमसैट	May 05, 2005			PSLV-C6	GSO	Communication
एडुसैट	Sep 20, 2004	1950.5 kg	2040 W	GSLV-F01	GSO	Communication
EDUSAT	Sep 20, 2004	1950.5 kg	2040 W	GSLV-F01	GSO	Communication
INSAT-3E	Sep 28, 2003	2,775 Kg		Ariane5-V162	GSO	Communication
इन्सैट-3ई	Sep 28, 2003	2,775 Kg		Ariane5-V162	GSO	Communication
जीसैट-2	May 08, 2003	1800 Kg		GSLV-D2	GSO	Communication
GSAT-2	May 08, 2003	1800 Kg		GSLV-D2	GSO	Communication
इन्सैट-3ए	Apr 10, 2003	2,950 Kg	3,100 W	Ariane5-V160	GSO	Communication
INSAT-3A	Apr 10, 2003	2,950 Kg	3,100 W	Ariane5-V160	GSO	Communication
KALPANA-1	Sep 12, 2002	1060 Kg	550 W	PSLV-C4	GSO	Communication
कल्पना-1	Sep 12, 2002	1060 Kg	550 W	PSLV-C4	GSO	Communication
इन्सैट-3सी	Jan 24, 2002	2,650 Kg	2765 W	Ariane5-V147	GSO	Communication
INSAT-3C	Jan 24, 2002	2,650 Kg	2765 W	Ariane5-V147	GSO	Communication
GSAT-1	Apr 18, 2001	1530 Kg		GSLV-D1	GSO	Communication
जीसैट-1	Apr 18, 2001	1530 Kg		GSLV-D1	GSO	Communication
इन्सैट-3बी	Mar 22, 2000	2,070 Kg	1,712 W	Ariane-5G	GSO	Communication
INSAT-3B	Mar 22, 2000	2,070 Kg	1,712 W	Ariane-5G	GSO	Communication
इनसैट-2ई	Apr 03, 1999	2,550 Kg		Ariane-42P H10-3	GSO	Communication
INSAT-2E	Apr 03, 1999	2,550 Kg		Ariane-42P H10-3	GSO	Communication
INSAT-2DT	Jan 01, 1998	nearly 600 kg	1.4 kW	Ariane-44L H10	GSO	Communication
इन्सैट- 2डीटी	Jan 01, 1998	nearly 600 kg	1.4 kW	Ariane-44L H10	GSO	Communication
इन्सैट-2डी	Jun 04, 1997	2079 Kg	1650 Watts	Ariane-44L H10-3	GSO	Communication
INSAT-2D	Jun 04, 1997	2079 Kg	1650 Watts	Ariane-44L H10-3	GSO	Communication
INSAT-2C	Dec 07, 1995	2106 Kg	1320 Watts	Ariane-44L H10-3	GSO	Communication
इन्सैट-2सी	Dec 07, 1995	2106 Kg	1320 Watts	Ariane-44L H10-3	GSO	Communication
इन्सैट-2बी	Jul 23, 1993	1906 kg	One KW approx.	Ariane-44L H10+	GSO	Communication
INSAT-2B	Jul 23, 1993	1906 kg	One KW approx.	Ariane-44L H10+	GSO	Communication
इन्सैट-2ए	Jul 10, 1992	1906 kg	One KW approx	Ariane-44L H10	GSO	Communication
INSAT-2A	Jul 10, 1992	1906 kg	One KW approx	Ariane-44L H10	GSO	Communication
INSAT-1D	Jun 12, 1990			Delta 4925	GSO	Communication
इन्सैट-1डी	Jun 12, 1990			Delta 4925	GSO	Communication
INSAT-1C	Jul 22, 1988			Ariane-3	GSO	Communication
इन्सैट-1सी	Jul 21, 1988			Ariane-3	GSO	Communication
INSAT-1B	Aug 30, 1983			Shuttle [PAM-D]	GSO	Communication
इन्सैट-1बी	Aug 30, 1983			Shuttle [PAM-D]	GSO	Communication
इन्सैट-1ए	Apr 10, 1982			Delta	GSO	Communication
INSAT-1A	Apr 10, 1982			Delta	GSO	Communication

Satellite Navigation

Satellite Navigation service is an emerging satellite based system with commercial and strategic applications. ISRO is committed to provide the satellite based Navigation services to meet the emerging demands of the Civil Aviation requirements and to meet the user requirements of the positioning, navigation and timing based on the independent satellite navigation system. To meet the Civil Aviation requirements, ISRO is working jointly with Airport Authority of India (AAI) in establishing the GPS Aided Geo Augmented Navigation (GAGAN) system. To meet the user requirements of the positioning, navigation and timing services based on the indigenous system, ISRO is establishing a regional satellite navigation system called Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS).

(a) GPS Aided GEO Augmented Navigation (GAGAN):

This is a Satellite Based Augmentation System (SBAS) implemented jointly with Airport Authority of India (AAI). The main objectives of GAGAN are to provide Satellite-based Navigation services with accuracy and integrity required for civil aviation applications and to provide better Air Traffic Management over Indian Airspace. The system will be interoperable with other international SBAS systems and provide seamless navigation across regional boundaries. The GAGAN Signal-In-Space (SIS) is available through GSAT-8 and GSAT-10.

(b) Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS)

This is an independent Indian Satellite based positioning system for critical National applications. The main objective is to provide Reliable Position, Navigation and Timing services over India and its neighbourhood, to provide fairly good accuracy to the user. The IRNSS will provide basically two types of services

1.     Standard Positioning Service (SPS)

2.    Restricted Service (RS)

Space Segment consists of seven satellites, three satellites in GEO stationary orbit (GEO) and four satellites in Geo Synchronous Orbit (GSO) orbit with inclination of 29° to the equatorial plane. All the satellites will be visible at all times in the Indian region. The first satellite is scheduled to be launched in 2013 and the total seven satellite constellation is scheduled to be in place by 2016. Ground Segment is responsible for the maintenance and operation of the IRNSS constellation. It provides the monitoring of the constellation status, computation of the orbital and clock parameters and navigation data uploading. The Ground segment comprises of TTC & Uplinking Stations, Spacecraft Control Centre, IRNSS Timing Centre, CDMA Ranging Stations, Navigation Control Centre and Data Communication Links. Space segment is compatible with single frequency receiver for Standard Positioning Service (SPS), dual frequency receiver for both SPS & RS service and a multi mode receiver compatible with other GNSS providers.

Earth Observation

The Indian Remote sensing programme is driven by the user needs. In fact, the first remote sensing based pilot project was carried out to identify coconut root-wilt disease in Kerala way back in 1970. This pilot project led the development of Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) satellites. Varieties of instruments have been flown onboard the IRS satellites to provide necessary data in a diversified spatial, spectral and temporal resolutions to cater to different user requirements in the country and for global usage.

These IRS satellites observe the planet Earth from space and provide us periodically synoptic and systematic information pertaining to land, ocean and atmosphere and several aspects of environment. This information is a key ingredient in the programmes of the government at the Centre and State towards ensuring food and water security, sustaining our environment and eco-system, understanding weather and climate, monitoring and management of natural resources, planning and monitoring of developmental activities, support to management and mitigation during disaster events, and information for better governance.